Methods & bias register
**Placement bias / regression-to-mean** — cameras are sited on high-risk roads. Controls are same-corridor, same-limit, grade-matched; latent-risk differences remain and are disclosed. No crash claims.
**Slope is one confounder of many** — grade banding + same-class matching used; curvature, lanes, land use not fully controlled; unmatched sites reported, not silently dropped.
**Halo vs point effect** — primary estimand is the ±200 m band; a 0.6–1.2 km up-corridor band bounds distance decay; way-level averages are not headlined.
**Posted-limit differences** — pairs restricted to identical OSM maxspeed; sensitivity on (speed − limit).
**Fleet mix & time aggregation** — tiles aggregate all vehicles (vehicle_type=1000) over the month window; no class or hour split is available on this surface; wording avoids "all traffic".
**Tile aggregation damping (Culburra lesson)** — edge-aggregated tiles attenuate localised effects toward zero; median/p85 preferred over mean; minimum-chain rules applied; the measured gap is a lower bound on any point effect.
Window 2026-06-01→30 · vehicle_type all · 226/227 tiles · camera list: TfNSW open data · speeds: Compass open MVT tiles (provenance per canon) · grade: Open-Meteo DEM · roads: OSM ODbL. Built by SafeFuture Lab agents, human-reviewed. Descriptive, not causal.